OOPS NOTES

[Silent Voice]

what is OOPS?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that focuses on organizing software design around data or objects, rather than functions and logic. Key features of OOP include:

Encapsulation: Binding data and methods that manipulate that data within a single unit, called a class or object.

Abstraction: Hiding implementation details from the outside world, exposing only the necessary information through public methods.

Inheritance: A mechanism for creating a new class based on an existing one, inheriting its properties and methods.

Polymorphism: The ability of an object to take on multiple forms, depending on the context in which it is used.

Composition: The ability to combine objects to form more complex structures.

OOP is well-suited for large, complex, and dynamic systems, such as those used in manufacturing, design, and mobile applications. While OOP languages like Smalltalk and Simula pioneered the concept, many modern languages, including C++, Java, and Python, support OOP.

However, OOP has also faced criticisms, including:

Overemphasis on data encapsulation, potentially neglecting computational aspects.

Increased complexity and longer compilation times.

Fragile base class problems, where changes to a superclass can break inheritance relationships.

Difficulty in understanding objects in the context of a larger program.

To illustrate OOP concepts, consider a simple example in a hypothetical language:
 

class Button
  attr_accessor :label, :color

  def click
    # implementation
  end
end

class RoundedButton < Button
  def initialize
    # customize label and color
  end
end

In this example, Button is a base class with attributes label and color, and a method click. RoundedButton is a subclass that inherits from Button and customizes its attributes and behavior. This demonstrates inheritance and polymorphism, as RoundedButton objects can be used as if they were Button objects, while still possessing unique characteristics.

Note that the language used in this example is hypothetical, and actual implementations may vary depending on the chosen programming language.

OOPS Notes.pdf